Australian waters have concurrently seen a steady and signifi- cant rise in previously depleted megafauna populations that are known to be preferred prey items of large sharks, such as white sharks and tiger sharks. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) populations on Australia's east coast have shown one of the highest
growth rates for any mammalian population (Bruce et al., 2014) with an annual rate of increase of 10.6% from 1987 to 2004 (Noad, 2011), and New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) populations have increased at a rate of 10e15% over the past 20 years (Campbell et al., 2014). These populations have recovered from previous overexploitation to a point where they are now thought to be reaching their theoretical reproductive limit and maximum car- rying capacities (Bruce et al., 2014; Campbell et al., 2014). Sprivulis (2014) strongly associated the rise in unprovoked bites from white sharks in WA to the concurrent increase in humpback whale pop- ulation. Increases in New Zealand fur seal populations were also correlated with the rise of unprovoked shark bite in WA (McPhee, 2014). Marine mammals have been shown to be a major prey source for large adult white sharks (Fallows et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2012; Klimley et al., 2001; Long and Jones, 1996) and Klimley et al. (2001) states that hunting strategies of white shark are fine-tuned to the life history of pinnipeds. Bruce et al. (2006)