Abstract copied from
Model Systems Knowledge Translation Center (MSKTC)
Based on the photos and description by Sunny's family, he is most likely in the minimally conscious state.
"People in a vegetative state due to stroke, loss of oxygen to the brain (anoxia) or some types of severe medical illness may not recover as well as those with traumatic brain injury. Those few persons who remain in a prolonged vegetative state may survive for an extended period of time but they often experience medical complications such as pneumonia, respiratory failure, infections, etc. which may reduce life expectancy.
People who have a slow recovery of consciousness continue to have a reduced level of self-awareness or awareness of the world around them. They have inconsistent and limited ability to respond and communicate. This condition of limited awareness is called the minimally conscious state.
Characteristics of the minimally conscious state
- Sometimes follows simple instructions
- May communicate yes or no by talking or gesturing
- May speak some understandable words or phrases
- May respond to people, things, or other events by:
- crying, smiling, or laughing;
- making sounds or gesturing;
- reaching for objects;
- trying to hold or use an object or
- keeping the eyes focused on people or things for a sustained period of time whether they are moving or staying still.
People in a minimally conscious state do these things inconsistently. For example, one time the person might be able to follow a simple instruction and another time they might not be able to follow any instructions at all. This makes it difficult to distinguish the vegetative state from the minimally conscious state.
While in a minimally conscious state, people need extensive care similar to that needed by people in a vegetative state.
Emergence from the minimally conscious state
Once a person can communicate, follow instruc tions, or use an object such as a comb or pencil consistently, they are no longer in a minimally conscious state. Some people remain minimally conscious indefinitely, but many improve. The longer a person remains in a minimally conscious state, the more permanent impairments he or she is likely to have. This is because vegetative and minimally conscious states are caused by severe damage to multiple brain areas. Following emergence from the minimally conscious state, people almost always experience confusion. Sometimes people move directly from coma to this confusional state."