grapedrink said:
Small sample size, but it is a metabolic ward study, therefore the highest standard. No advantage with ketogenic over high carb, and there was more muscle loss with the keto diet https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/104/2/324/4564649
Many other high carb vs low carb metabolic ward studies have shown no difference in total weight loss when controlling for total calories.
Full disclosure: I'm all for reducing the amount of carbohydrates in the human diet, especially processed carbs and simple sugars. I think we should reduce our consumption of saturated fats, I think we should get enough fiber in our diets, we should eat lean proteins, or plant-derived proteins, and we should eat more vegetables.
I could very well be proven wrong about keto diets, and they could, in the long-run, be proven to have benefits beyond short-term weight loss.
The problem I have with all the keto talk is that people are rushing headlong into a fad that isn't well-studied and lacks information in the scientific literature to support it as a long-term, healthy, sustainable lifestyle. There are several health concerns associated with keto and hopefully biochemistry can provide ample evidence so scientists and doctors can make sound recommendations. Several studies have also concluded that keto isn't a sustainable diet, and the weight-loss benefits diminish over time.
The problem I have with guys like Jeff Volek is that they have too much of a dog in the fight. Volek is an avowed keto supporter, is trying to sell stuff (https://www.virtahealth.com/about/jeffvolek) and seems to have a conclusion in search of a testable hypothesis. It's odd that all of his papers come to the same conclusion, isn't it? He also is a generally healthy person (according to what I've read) who has never suffered any major metabolic disease.
I'm sure I have more to say but I want to read a few more papers first. I'm starting with these:
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/86/2/276/4633078
https://leblognutrition.files.wordpress.com/2018/11/764-full.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026049515003340